What your IP address reveals
Every website you visit sees your public IP address. From it, they can usually tell your country, often your approximate city, and the name of your internet provider. They cannot see your street address or your name from the IP alone.
VPNs: what they do and do not protect
A VPN encrypts traffic between your device and the VPN server, and websites see the VPN's address instead of yours. It protects you on public Wi-Fi and hides your browsing from your local network and ISP. It does not make you anonymous to services you log in to, and it does not stop tracking by cookies or browser fingerprinting.
Common leaks
- WebRTC leaks can reveal your real IP to websites even with a VPN on. Test now.
- DNS leaks send your lookups to your ISP instead of the VPN's resolver. How to prevent them.
- Time-zone mismatch between your browser and your VPN location is an easy signal for websites to spot. Check yours.
Good everyday habits
- Keep your router's firmware updated and change its default admin password.
- Use WPA3 (or at least WPA2) Wi-Fi encryption with a strong passphrase.
- Turn on secure DNS (DNS over HTTPS) in your browser or operating system.
- Only open router ports you actually need.